![]() The temporal bone serves as a point of attachment for many muscles. The petrous part is pyramidal shaped, and lies at the base of temporal bone. The mastoid air cells can also become infected, known as mastoiditis. They act as a reservoir of air, equalising the pressure within the middle ear in the case of auditory tube dysfunction. These are hollowed out areas within the temporal bone. It is a site of attachment for many muscles, such as the sternocleidomastoid.Īlso of clinical importance are the mastoid air cells. ![]() The first is the mastoid process, an inferior projection of bone, palpable just behind the ear. There are two items of note on the mastoid. It can be split into a mastoid and petrous parts. This portion of the temporal bone is located posteriorly. It acts as an attachment point for muscles and ligaments, such as the stylomandibular ligament of the TMJ. The styloid process located immediately underneath the opening to the auditory meatus. ![]() It surrounds the external auditory opening, which leads into the external auditory meatus of the external ear. The tympanic part of the temporal bone lies inferiorly to the squamous, and anteriorly to the petromastoid part. The masseter muscles attaches some fibres to the lateral surface of the zygomatic process. One of the zygomatic processes’ attachments to the temporal bone forms the articular tubercle – the anterior boundary of the mandibular fossa, part of the temporomandibular joint These two structures form the zygomatic arch (palpable as ‘cheek bones’). It projects anteriorly, articulating with the temporal process of the zygomatic bone. The zygomatic process arises from the lower part of the squama temporalis. The bone articulates with the sphenoid bone anteriorly, and parietal bone laterally. The lower part of the squamous bone is the site of origin of the temporalis muscle The outer facing surface of the squamous bone is convex in shape, forming part of the temporal fossa. It is flat and plate-like, located superiorly. SquamousĪlso known as the squama temporalis, this is the largest part of the temporal bone. We shall now examine the constituent parts of the temporal bone in more detail. Fig 1.1 – The constituent parts of the temporal bone.
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